How is the job market changing?
Total job counts over time show how employment opportunities are growing or shrinking in a community. Comparing across geographies reveals which areas are attracting the most new employment.
Jobs grouped into four broad sector categories show the economic composition of a community.
Wage ranges for common occupations show how local pay compares across sectors. Bars show the 25th to 75th percentile annual salary range, with the median marked.
Job counts are derived from the LEHD LODES Workplace Area Characteristics (WAC) dataset published by the US Census Bureau.
How is the population changing?
- ACS 5-year estimates · B01001 · 2010–2024
- CommunityScale population projection model
Population growth patterns reveal how communities are evolving. This chart shows historical population changes by age group and projects future trends based on demographic patterns.
Population change since a baseline year, broken out by age group. Each line shows the net gain or loss for one cohort, revealing which groups are driving growth or decline.
The share of households with children indicates family housing demand, while the share with people over 65 reflects the growing need for senior-friendly and accessible housing options.
The share of people aged 25-34 indicates the pipeline of workers entering the labor force, while the share aged 65+ shows the pace of retirement. Comparing these trends reveals whether communities face a tightening or expanding labor supply.
How are household types changing?
- ACS 5-year estimates · B09021, B11015, B19131 · 2010–2024
This chart shows how household composition has changed over time, comparing the distribution of household types between 2015 and 2023. Changes in household types can indicate shifting demographics and evolving housing needs in a community.
Households may have different structure type preferences depending on characteristics such as household size, income, employment, presence of children, age of individuals, and lifestyle choices. Understanding the housing stock in corresponding terms helps assess how well existing units align with existing households' ideals.
Household type data comes from the American Community Survey (ACS) 5-year estimates. Household types include family households (married couples, single parents) and non-family households (people living alone, unrelated roommates).
How are households changing by income?
- ACS 5-year estimates · B19001, B19113 · 2010–2024
- HUD Income Limits · FY 2025
- BLS CPI-U · 2010–2024
- Project-defined AMI bins
- Census PUMS 5-year · 2019–2023
Understanding how households at different income levels are growing or declining helps identify which groups face the greatest housing pressure and where new housing is most needed.
| AMI Group | Income Range | Households |
|---|---|---|
| <30% AMI | <$28K | 70,659,642 |
| 30-50% AMI | $28K - $47K | 53,066,906 |
| 50-80% AMI | $47K - $76K | 69,182,758 |
| 80-100% AMI | $76K - $95K | 36,774,373 |
| 100-120% AMI | $95K - $114K | 29,123,898 |
| >120% AMI | >$114K | 100,404,832 |
How much new housing is being permitted?
Annual building permits reflect the pipeline of new housing construction. Single family permits show detached home building activity, while multifamily permits (units in buildings with 2+ units) indicate apartment and townhome development. Together they reveal how a community's housing supply is growing and what types of housing are being added.
Cumulative change in jobs, households, and building permits since 2010 reveals whether housing construction is keeping pace with employment and population growth.
The ratio of jobs to housing units indicates whether a community has a balance between employment opportunities and available housing.
Building permit data comes from the US Census Building Permit Survey, 2010-2024. Permits are reported by county and by permit-issuing place.
What does the housing stock look like?
The mix of housing types and ownership patterns shapes a community's character. This chart breaks down housing units by structure type and whether they're owner-occupied or rented.
This chart shows rental and homeowner vacancy rates over time. A healthy rental vacancy rate is around 7.5%, and a healthy homeowner vacancy rate is around 1.5%. Rates well below these thresholds suggest a tight housing market with limited options for people looking to move.
Explore the characteristics of recent for-sale listings in this project area. Use the controls to filter by bedrooms, unit size, lot size, year built, and price.
How much new housing supply is needed?
To keep up with growth and fill current housing shortages, Catawba COG Region needs 25,868 new units over the next 5 years.
| 18,248 |
Units needed to keep up with expected growth
Projected total household growth from 2026 to 2031.
|
| 9.8% |
Projected household growth rate
Expected increase in total households from 185,629 in 2026 to 203,877 in 2031.
|
| 7,620 |
Units to address shortages in existing housing stock
Production needs to address vacancy rates and other factors.
|
| 1,664 |
Replacement housing
Effective annual loss rate is 1.7 per 1,000 units.
|
| 1,687 |
Ownership vacancy adjustment
Owner-occupied vacancy is 0.6%. This is below the minimum stable target of 1.5%.
|
| 4,269 |
Rental vacancy adjustment
Rental vacancy is 5.5%. This is below the minimum stable target of 7.4%.
|
| 25,868 |
Total 5-year housing production need (2026-2031)
|
| 5,174 |
Annual production pace
Average units needed per year to meet 5-year need
|
| 13.4% |
Total housing unit growth
Percent increase in housing stock over 5 years
|
| 2.7% |
Annual housing unit growth
Average percent increase in housing stock per year
|